Prolactin

Prolactin is a versatile hormone primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Its most recognized function is stimulating milk production (lactogenesis) in mammals following childbirth. Beyond this, it influences a wide array of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and reproductive functions in both sexes, contributing to behaviors like parental care. Its secretion is predominantly under inhibitory control by dopamine from the hypothalamus. Other factors, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), estrogen, and suckling, can stimulate its release. Abnormal prolactin levels can lead to clinical conditions, such as hyperprolactinemia, which may cause infertility and galactorrhea.